Digestive Vocabulary

Esophagus: the esophagus is a fixed muscular tube that delivers food and liquid from the pharynx to the stomach

Submucosa: the submucosa consists of a dense irregular connective tissue layer containing blood and lymphatic vessels, a  nerve plexus, and occasional glands

Muscularis externa: in most parts of the digestive tract the muscularis externa consists of two concentric and relatively thick layers of smooth muscle

Mucosa: the mucosa consists of a lining epithelium, an underlying connective tissue called the lamina propria and the muscularis mucosa composed of smooth muscle

Serosa: the serosa is a serous membrane consisting of a simple squamous epithelium the mesothelium and a small amount of underlying connective tissue

Gastric Mucosa: longitudinal submucosal folds, rugae, allow the stomach to distend when filled

The Late Post - a reflection

The busy, over-streached, suffering the snow ball effect, biology student's Lament

Histology: Epithelium, Basal Lamina, Tunica Adventita, Neuromuscular Junction, Eosinophile, Cadherin, Zonula Occludens, Lymph node, Circum Vitallea, hair follicle

"Wow, this is so interesting, I cant wait to study it, and find out as much as I can. Im gonna be able to fill in so many of the gaps in my knowledge. This is going to be fun! Im gonna read, take notes, make colorful note pages, watch histology vides, look at awesome slides of what Ive been wondering about, ask Questions, watch TED TALKs on Histology (always amazing), draw cool designs influenced by histology, hold discussions with my peers about histology, use the research projects to journey down the rabbit hole, and read other chapters in my text book - just cause a picture caught my eye!"

Night A:
"Finally done with my classes for the day! Now I can read my histo...."Hold on, you have an assignment due for this other class tonight, and a quiz, and that Discussion Post, oh dont forget to do what you said you would do for that particular person.
"Ugh, finally done....now I can read my histology book!" (Ten minutes later) the biology student is peacefully dreaming of epithelial linings, cilia, free surfaces & and basal lamina......with her head nestled in her histology text book.

Night B:
"Im so tired, I havent had a break all day, I dont remember eating lunch. I just want to sleeeeeeeep!" A friendly advise giver "sleep is important, you need to be rested, go to bed." "No, I have so many assignments I have to do!" Proceeds to try to work on the computer, zones out, watches videos, tries to read & has to read the same paragraph three times, contemplates going to bed.....re-musters up focus, has a productive 30 minutes, then.............. "what? Its 3am? It was 1:30 two seconds ago!"  Defeated, stumbles to bed.

Night C:
"I cant take it anymore! Im going to study Histology!" Starts reading histology book (or slides), enjoys reading the new information, begins to get into the text - memorizing, developing questions, associating new info with old info......
"You should do this project!" "You forgot to that lab report" "You havent excersized in a week" "You need to write that paper!"
Student is now feeling guilty for studying Histology instead of completing all the other work. Puts book aside & tries to work on a paper....proceeds very slowly, because mind is still on the histology studies.

Oh Histology, to study you more, to study you more. 

(The author of this rambling post is not looking for special favors, sympathy, or empathy. The author only hopes someone will  be entertained by this post.)

Lunar Histology

So Im on a camping trip with my pathfinder club, its Friday night & we are setting up camp in the dark. Im in camping mode - school mode has long been forgotton, and I am enjoying the break. Its a beautiful night, the sky is clear, the air is cold & refreshing, and the air is so much cleaner. The moon is almost full & is extra bright. I stop to admire the moon, in all of its bright clarity. Its a beautiful moon, and what does my mind come up with? "Oh, its a neutrophil!" (I genuinly ment it, no prior thought)

Then I realized what utter geekness had just come out of my mouth! It was hilarious, I thought I had switched modes, but I guess my brain was still filled with the facts for the exam that morning. Anyway, it was hilarious. So I found a few people around camp who could appriciate the humor.

I also texted a friend who is in medical school. After confirming how geeky my comment had been, and thoroughly rubbing it in my face, she commented that the moon actually is a lymphocyte most of the time. One of the staff camping with us, commented that sometimes the moon is sickled.

Oh what a bunch of geeks we are! It makes life so much more hilarious! Studying biology is fun, interesting, and a great challenge.........the effects it has on my brain are hilarious sometimes.

Design - Inspired by Histology

This post is a light hearted one to emphasize histology through the artistic lens. Take a break from studying, understanding, memorizing, identifying.......take a step back......and wonder at the abstract beauty of Histology. Some of the pictures are of actual tissue, some are histology inspired (whether for asthetic or humor), and some are a little of both. Enjoy. 

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References: 

1. http://www.anatomybox.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Histology-Plates1.jpg
2. http://www.ultralighthistology.com/images/colondetail4.jpg
3. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrOkCXtYUMpLHsJVq72DGRXoY7TC_xm6RGtOH2rWRS2711tqXnwt6rATL-K4EnrW-PhLkX0o8ecaI1YYPyIRVg6BsZrk2ynsxCdGWatDtlOyqyoTfpfLAaXVZ3OvSBIDUuuuiAonS2WfU/s1600/4-histology-nail-art.jpg
4. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CBRhgt-UsAAAvQ5.jpg
5. http://41.media.tumblr.com/98f13856b33508413329a572482f6306/tumblr_mg5tmyUyit1s24chqo1_1280.jpg
6. http://farm1.static.flickr.com/62/186818508_ceb68c9987.jpg
7. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/98/b2/d0/98b2d0ce04bf3ab7847a78faa8890888.jpg
8. http://www.histology-world.com/image/boneart2t.jpg

Histology Vocabulary

Schmidt-Lanterman cleft: the space between successive lamellae of the myelin.

Internodal segment: myelin between sequential nodes of Ranvier.

Neuregulin (Ngr1): growth factor that regulates myelin sheath thickness.

Transcription factor Sox -10: causes neural crest cells to develop into Schwann cells.

Tracts: the organizational label given to many axons going to or comming from a specific location - these are bundled together  and labeled a tract.

Neuropil: the meshwork of axons, sendrites, and glial processes associated with white matter.

Anterograde (Wallerian) degeneration: axon degeneration  distal to the site of injury.

Histology Reflection

Its interesting. Before this histology course, I was not sure what I was looking at when I looked at histology pictures online. I knew a few things here & there, but always doubted if I was correct. Now, after only a few Histology labs I understand what I am looking at. I am also more confident when I describe the structures I see through the lense of the microscope.  I am not saying that I can correctly  identify every structure in every slide that comes my way. What I am saying is, the practice of looking through the microscope at a variety of tissue samples has trained me to recognize patterns, similar structures, key differences, and other hints I can use to better understand what I am looking at.

I have enjoyed the Histology lab a lot more than I thought I would. Mostly, I was expecting the lab to be similar to the Plant Diversity lab I had experienced. A lab full of interesting things to look at and try to  draw......with not near enough time to see all of them in.  The perfect recipe for frustration. However this lab has far fewer samples required too look at per lab  session, and I have switched from drawing to taking photos of what I see through the microscope.  This provides me with the time to really look at each sample. To enjoy their beauty, appriciate their complexity, see the small details, ask questions & think of answers to those questions. I learn so much more this way, and I have time to enjoy the learning experience.

I am excited to gain more histology skills, so that I can incorporate them into my understanding of biology.

The importance of Art to Science - an Encounter

Visual data & artistic representations help us better understand Biology and remind us that life is complex and beautiful!

  "Huntington disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, emotional problems, and loss of thinking ability (cognition) (1)."

https://instagram.com/p/8MPtIiQBB9/

Mutations in the HTT gene that codes for the protein Huntingtin cause Huntington disease. The function of the protein is still unknown. The mutation is a CAG triplet repeat; normally this pattern is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene, in individuals with huntington disease the CAG triplet is repeated 36 to 120 times within the gene. Individuals with the CAG triplet repeated between 36 and 39 times may or may not develop Huntington disease. The longer gene causes production of abnormally long Huntingtin proteins that are then "cut into smaller, toxic fragments that bind together and accumulate in neurons, disrupting the normal functions of these cells"(1).

"This illustration shows potassium levels in astrocytes -- cells in your nervous system -- disrupted by Huntington’s Disease, a genetic disorder that causes the breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. In this artistic rendering, created by @TEDFellow Janet Iwasa and scientist Baljit Khakh, potassium is represented by glowing points of light. Those points show how potassium accumulates in astrocytes and not in the surrounding neuropil, contradicting the idea that Huntington’s Disease is caused by neuronal dysfunction. To see more of Janet’s scientific illustrations, visit go.ted.com/huntingtons" - TED original Instram Commemt (2). 

Originally this was what my topic was going to be for this blog, then I visited the TED link in the Instagram post. I watched a video about animating biological processes. This caught my attention aswell. The presenter had an amazing idea (as most TED speakers do) to create open source, simple to use, animation software that would allow biology researchers the ability to animate their hypothesis. This is increadible, it would allow researches to see their ideas and/or results from a totally new perspective; help students better understand complex and interconnected biological processes; shed light on possibly incorrect hypotheses (like the photo above does); and reveal the true beauty of biology at the molecular level. The software is called Molecular Flipbook, and is free to download.

Then I thought about the beautiful artwork on my Cell & Molecular Biology book. The artwork is that of David Goodsell - an associate professor in the Department of Molecular Biology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. It is so important to have people creating visual representations of the cellular processes. Visuals help us better understand what is going on. Visuals are also very beautiful. 

Don't think of Biology as a bunch of facts to memorize, medical information, strange protein names, or random multi-cellular critters. There is a huge potential for art inherent in the study of Biology. This is because, living things are complex and beautiful. Take advantage of all the art linked to biology, enjoy the art, enjoy the beauty of life. 

References: 

1. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/huntington-disease
2. https://instagram.com/p/8MPtIiQBB9/
3. http://www.ted.com/talks/janet_iwasa_how_animations_can_help_scientists_test_a_hypothesis?utm_source=instagram&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=IGTalks
4. https://www.molecularflipbook.org/
5. http://mgl.scripps.edu/people/goodsell/
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Goodsell